Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 7 de 7
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Public Health Action ; 13(3): 90-96, 2023 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37736578

RESUMO

SETTING: KNCV Nigeria implements seven key TB case-finding interventions. It was critical to evaluate the efficiency of these interventions in terms of TB yield to direct future prioritisation in the country. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficiency of active case-finding (ACF) interventions for TB in Nigeria. DESIGN: Data from the 2020-2022 implementing period were analysed retrospectively. Intervention efficiencies were analysed using the number needed to screen (NNS), the number needed to test (NNT) and the true screen-positive (TSP) rate. RESULTS: Across the interventions, 21,704,669 persons were screened for TB, 1,834,447 (8.5%) were presumed to have TB (7.7% pre-diagnostic drop-out rate) and 122,452 were diagnosed with TB (TSP rate of 7.2%). The average TSP rate of interventions that used both the WHO four-symptom screen (W4SS) and portable digital X-ray (PDX) screening algorithm was significantly higher (22.6%) than those that employed the former alone (7.0%; OR 3.9, 95% CI 3.74-3.98; P < 0.001). The average NNT for interventions with W4SS/PDX screening was 4 (range: 4-5), while that of W4SS-only screening was 14 (range: 11-22). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions using the PDX in addition to W4SS for TB screening were more efficient in terms of TB case yield than interventions that used symptom-based TB screening only.


CONTEXTE: KNCV Nigeria met en œuvre sept interventions clés de recherche de cas de TB. Il était essentiel d'évaluer l'efficacité de ces interventions en termes de rendement de la TB afin d'orienter les priorités futures dans le pays. OBJECTIFS: Comparer l'efficacité des interventions de recherche active de cas (ACF) pour la TB au Nigéria. MÉTHODE: Les données de la période de mise en œuvre 2020­2022 ont été analysées, rétrospectivement. L'efficacité des interventions a été analysée à l'aide du nombre nécessaire pour dépister (NNS), du nombre nécessaire pour tester (NNT) et du taux de vrais dépistages positifs (TSP). RÉSULTATS: Sur l'ensemble des interventions, 21 704 669 personnes ont bénéficié d'un dépistage de la TB, 1 834 447 (8,5%) ont été présumées atteintes de la TB (taux d'abandon pré-diagnostic de 7,7%) et 122 452 ont reçu un diagnostic de TB (taux de TSP de 7,2%). Le taux moyen de TSP des interventions qui utilisaient à la fois le test des quatre symptômes de l'OMS (W4SS) et l'algorithme de dépistage par radiographie numérique portable (PDX) était significativement plus élevé (22,6%) que celles qui utilisaient uniquement le premier (7,0% ; OR 3,9 ; IC 95% 3,74­3,98 ; P < 0,001). Le NNT moyen des interventions avec dépistage W4SS/PDX était de 4 (intervalle : 4­5), tandis que celui du dépistage W4SS seul était de 14 (intervalle : 11­22). CONCLUSIONS: Les interventions utilisant le PDX en plus du W4SS pour le dépistage de la TB ont été plus efficaces en termes de nombre de cas de TB que les interventions utilisant uniquement le dépistage de la TB basé sur les symptômes.

3.
Public Health Action ; 12(3): 128-132, 2022 Sep 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36160725

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: This was a study on national TB data. OBJECTIVE: To assess improvement in TB case notification and treatment coverage through improved data use for action in Nigeria. DESIGN: We analysed pre- and post-intervention secondary TB programme data comprising data on increased supervisory visits, incentives for health workers, DOTS expansion, outreaches and geo-code monitoring. Trend analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for linear trends. RESULTS: Case-finding increased from 104,904 cases in 2017 to 138,591 in 2020. There was an increase of 2.0% from 2017 to 2018, 13.0% in 2018 to 2019 and 15.0% in 2019 to 2020 (P < 0.001). Facility DOTS coverage increased from 7,389 facilities in 2017 to 17,699 in 2020. There was an increase of 30.0% in 2018, 31.0% in 2019 and 40.0% in 2020 (P < 0.001). The number of reporting facilities increased from 5,854 in 2017 to 12,775 in 2020. Compared with 2017, there were an increase of 20.0% in 2018, 38.0% in 2019 and 32.0% in 2020 (P < 0.001). Treatment coverage rate increased from 24% in 2018 to 27% in 2019 and 30% in 2020. CONCLUSION: TB service expansion, improved monitoring and the use of data for decision making are key in increasing TB treatment coverage.


CONTEXTE: Il s'agit d'une étude sur les données nationales relatives à la TB. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l'amélioration de la notification des cas de TB et de la couverture du traitement grâce à une meilleure utilisation des données pour l'action au Nigéria. MÉTHODE: Nous avons analysé les données du programme secondaire de lutte contre la TB avant et après l'intervention, y compris les données sur l'augmentation des visites de supervision, les mesures incitatives pour les travailleurs de la santé, l'expansion du système DOTS, les activités de proximité et la surveillance des codes géographiques. L'analyse des tendances a été réalisée à l'aide du test du χ2 de Cochran-Armitage pour les tendances linéaires. RÉSULTATS: La recherche de cas est passée de 104 904 cas en 2017 à 138 591 en 2020. On observe une augmentation de 2,0% de 2017 à 2018, de 13,0% de 2018 à 2019 et de 15,0% de 2019 à 2020 (P < 0,001). La couverture DOTS des établissements est passée de 7 389 établissements en 2017 à 17 699 en 2020. On observe une augmentation de 30,0% en 2018, 31,0% en 2019 et 40,0% en 2020 (P < 0,001). Le nombre d'installations déclarantes est passé de 5 854 en 2017 à 12 775 en 2020. Par rapport à 2017, il y a eu une augmentation de 20,0% en 2018, 38,0% en 2019 et 32,0% en 2020 (P < 0,001). Le taux de couverture du traitement est passé de 24% en 2018 à 27% en 2019 et 30% en 2020. CONCLUSION: L'expansion des services de lutte contre la TB, l'amélioration de la surveillance et l'utilisation des données pour la prise de décision sont essentielles pour augmenter la couverture du traitement de la TB.

4.
Public Health Action ; 12(2): 85-89, 2022 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35734009

RESUMO

SETTING: This pilot project was conducted in hard-to-reach communities of two Niger Delta States in the South-South Region of Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of portable digital X-ray, the Delft-Light Backpack (DLB) for TB active case-finding (ACF) in hard-to-reach Niger Delta communities using the WHO 3B TB screening/diagnosis algorithm. DESIGN: DLB X-ray was used to screen all consenting eligible participants during community TB screening out-reaches in all hard-to-reach communities of Akwa Ibom and Cross River States in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Participants with a CAD4TB (computer-aided detection for TB score) ⩾60 had Xpert (sputum) and/or clinical (radiograph) assessment for TB diagnosis. Data from the project were analysed for this study. RESULTS: A total of 8,230 participants (males: 47.2%, females: 52.8%) underwent TB screening and 1,140 (13.9%) presumptive TB cases were identified. The TB prevalence among all participants and among those with presumptive TB were respectively 1.2% and 8.6%. The number needed to screen was 84. Among people with presumptive TB, the proportion of males and females with confirmed TB was respectively 12.0% and 5.6% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TB screening using DLB X-ray during community-based ACF in hard-to-reach Niger Delta communities of Nigeria showed a high TB prevalence among participants. Nationwide deployment of the instrument in hard-to-reach areas is recommended.


CONTEXTE: Ce projet pilote a été réalisé auprès de communautés difficiles à atteindre des deux états du delta du Niger dans la région sud-sud du Nigéria. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l'utilité du système de radiographie DLB pour la recherche active de cas de TB (ACF) dans les communités isolées de la région du delta du Niger, en utilisant l'algorithme 3b de l'OMS pour le dépistage/diagnostic de la TB. MÉTHODES: La radiographie DLB a été utilisée pour dépister tous les participants éligibles et consentants lors d'interventions de dépistage de la TB auprès de toutes les communités isolées des États d'Akwa Ibom et de Cross River de la région du delta du Niger. Les participants avec un score CAD4TB ⩾60 ont fait l'objet d'un test Xpert (crachats) et/ou d'une évaluation clinique (radiographie) à des fins de diagnostic de la TB. Les données du projet ont été analysées aux fins de l'étude. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 8 230 participants (hommes : 47,2%, femmes : 52,8%) ont fait l'objet d'un dépistage de la TB et 1 140 (13,9%) cas suspects de TB ont été identifiés. La prévalence de la TB parmi tous les participants et parmi les cas suspects de TB était respectivement de 1,2% et 8,6%. Le nombre nécessaire au dépistage était de 84. Parmi les cas suspects de TB, la proportion d'hommes et de femmes chez qui une TB a été confirmée était respectivement de 12,0% et 5,6% (P<0,001). CONCLUSION: Le dépistage de la TB par radiographie DLB lors d'activités ACF auprès des communités isolées de la région du delta du Niger au Nigéria, a démontré une prévalence élevée de la TB chez les participants. Le déploiement national de ce système auprès des communautés isolées est recommandé.

5.
J Viral Hepat ; 24 Suppl 2: 8-24, 2017 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29105285

RESUMO

Due to the introduction of newer, more efficacious treatment options, there is a pressing need for policy makers and public health officials to develop or adapt national hepatitis C virus (HCV) control strategies to the changing epidemiological landscape. To do so, detailed, country-specific data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic HCV infection. In this study of 17 countries, a literature review of published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates was conducted, and inputs were validated by expert consensus in each country. Viraemic prevalence in this study ranged from 0.2% in Hong Kong to 2.4% in Taiwan, while the largest viraemic populations were in Nigeria (2 597 000 cases) and Taiwan (569 000 cases). Diagnosis, treatment and liver transplant rates varied widely across the countries included in this analysis, as did the availability of reliable data. Addressing data gaps will be critical for the development of future strategies to manage and minimize the disease burden of hepatitis C.


Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Saúde Global , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Política de Saúde , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/mortalidade , Hepatite C Crônica/terapia , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Prevalência
6.
J Viral Hepat ; 24 Suppl 2: 44-63, 2017 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29105286

RESUMO

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East, and interventions for achieving the Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis targets-"WHO Targets" (65% reduction in HCV-related deaths, 90% reduction in new infections and 90% of infections diagnosed by 2030) were considered. Scaling up treatment and diagnosis rates over time would be required to achieve these targets in all but one country, even with the introduction of high SVR therapies. The scenarios developed to achieve the WHO Targets in all countries studied assumed the implementation of national policies to prevent new infections and to diagnose current infections through screening.


Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Saúde Global , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/mortalidade , Viremia/epidemiologia , Viremia/mortalidade , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Política de Saúde , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Incidência , Prevalência , Viremia/diagnóstico , Viremia/tratamento farmacológico
7.
J Viral Hepat ; 24 Suppl 2: 25-43, 2017 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29105283

RESUMO

Factors influencing the morbidity and mortality associated with viremic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection change over time and place, making it difficult to compare reported estimates. Models were developed for 17 countries (Bahrain, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Colombia, Croatia, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Ghana, Hong Kong, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Morocco, Nigeria, Qatar and Taiwan) to quantify and characterize the viremic population as well as forecast the changes in the infected population and the corresponding disease burden from 2015 to 2030. Model inputs were agreed upon through expert consensus, and a standardized methodology was followed to allow for comparison across countries. The viremic prevalence is expected to remain constant or decline in all but four countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Jordan and Oman); however, HCV-related morbidity and mortality will increase in all countries except Qatar and Taiwan. In Qatar, the high-treatment rate will contribute to a reduction in total cases and HCV-related morbidity by 2030. In the remaining countries, however, the current treatment paradigm will be insufficient to achieve large reductions in HCV-related morbidity and mortality.


Assuntos
Saúde Global , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/mortalidade , Modelos Estatísticos , Viremia/epidemiologia , Viremia/mortalidade , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Política de Saúde , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Incidência , Prevalência , Viremia/tratamento farmacológico
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...